Children’s Healthcare in Finland: What You Need to Know

Finland’s healthcare system is renowned for its high quality and inclusivity, offering comprehensive services to all residents, including the youngest. Children in Finland benefit from a wide range of healthcare services designed to ensure their health, well-being, and development from birth through adolescence. This guide provides an overview of children’s healthcare in Finland, highlighting how parents and guardians can access and utilize these services effectively.

Every child in Finland has access to public healthcare services, which cover a broad spectrum of needs, from routine check-ups and vaccinations to specialized medical treatments. These services are designed to be accessible and to provide thorough care for children at various stages of their development. For families seeking additional services, private healthcare options are also available, offering more choice and flexibility in certain cases.

Accessing Healthcare Services

Understanding how to access healthcare services for your child is crucial for ensuring timely and effective care. The Finnish healthcare system is structured to be straightforward, but knowing the steps to take can streamline the process for you and your family.

Registering Your Child for Healthcare Services

Upon moving to Finland or after the birth of your child in the country, your first step is to register your child with the local municipality. This registration is essential for accessing public healthcare services. It also ensures your child is included in the Finnish Population Information System, which is a prerequisite for obtaining a Kela card.

The Role of the Kela Card

The Kela card is a cornerstone of accessing healthcare services in Finland. Issued by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela), this card serves as proof of entitlement to various health services and benefits. Ensure your child has a Kela card, as it is required when visiting healthcare providers, pharmacies, and in many other instances.

Finding and Choosing a Pediatrician or General Practitioner

For routine healthcare and initial consultations, your child will either see a pediatrician or a general practitioner (GP), depending on their age and the specific healthcare system setup in your locality. You can find a suitable doctor through your local health center (terveysasema). While preference for a specific doctor can be requested, availability may vary.

Language Support

Finland’s healthcare system strives to accommodate non-Finnish speakers. English-speaking healthcare professionals are available, especially in larger cities and towns. When registering or making appointments, inquire about services in English to ensure effective communication.

Utilizing Digital Health Services

Digital health services, including online appointment booking and electronic health records, are widely used in Finland. These platforms can provide an efficient way to manage your child’s healthcare needs, access medical records, and communicate with healthcare professionals. Familiarize yourself with these digital services early on to take full advantage of what they offer.

Routine Check-ups and Vaccinations

Regular health check-ups and vaccinations are cornerstone elements of children’s healthcare in Finland, ensuring that children grow and develop optimally while being protected against various infectious diseases.

Importance of Regular Health Check-ups

Health check-ups for children are scheduled at key developmental stages. These appointments monitor growth, development, and general health. During these visits, healthcare professionals assess physical, emotional, and social development, offering advice on nutrition, sleep, and activity levels appropriate for the child’s age. These check-ups are crucial for early detection of any potential health issues, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.

Schedule for Health Check-ups

The schedule for health check-ups is systematically organized to align with critical periods in a child’s development. Starting from birth, the initial check-up occurs within the first week of life, followed by regular appointments at 1 month, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and then annually until school age. Once in school, children receive check-ups at key stages, typically around the ages of 7, 11, and 14.

National Immunization Program

Finland’s National Immunization Program provides vaccinations against common and serious infectious diseases. Vaccinations begin in infancy and continue according to a set schedule to ensure maximum protection. The program covers vaccines against diseases such as tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, and certain types of meningitis and pneumonia. These vaccines are administered during routine health check-ups and are a vital part of preventive healthcare for children in Finland.

Essential Vaccines

Infancy: Vaccinations start at 2 months of age, protecting against multiple diseases in a series of shots that continue throughout childhood.

School-age: Booster shots and additional vaccines, such as those for HPV for girls and boys, are administered to reinforce immunity.

Vaccinations are provided free of charge as part of the public healthcare service. Parents and guardians receive notifications about upcoming vaccinations and check-ups, ensuring that no child misses these crucial healthcare milestones.

Children’s Healthcare in Finland: Dental Care

Ensuring the oral health of children is a priority within the Finnish healthcare system. From an early age, children have access to comprehensive dental care services designed to prevent dental issues and promote lifelong oral hygiene practices.

Service	Description	Age Group
First Dental Visit	Recommended soon after the first tooth appears	Around age 1
Regular Check-ups	Monitoring oral health and hygiene	Annually
Cleaning	Professional cleaning to remove plaque and tartar	During check-ups
Fluoride Treatments	Application of fluoride varnish to strengthen enamel	As needed
Education on Hygiene	Guidance on brushing, flossing, and dietary advice	During check-ups
Orthodontic Assessment	Evaluation for braces or other orthodontic treatments	As recommended

Access to Free Dental Care

Children and adolescents under the age of 18 are entitled to free dental care in Finland. This encompasses a wide range of services, including examinations, preventive care, fillings, orthodontic assessments, and necessary treatments. The goal is to establish a foundation of good oral health habits early in life, reducing the likelihood of dental problems in the future.

Scheduling Appointments

Parents and guardians are advised to schedule the first dental visit soon after the child’s first tooth appears, typically around the age of one. Following this initial visit, regular check-ups are recommended. These appointments allow dental professionals to monitor the child’s oral health development, identify any potential issues early, and provide advice on effective dental care routines at home.

What to Expect During Visits

During dental visits, professionals focus on a gentle and positive approach to make the experience as comfortable as possible for children. These appointments may include:

Examination: Checking teeth and gums for any signs of decay, disease, or developmental issues.

Cleaning: Professional cleaning to remove plaque and tartar, promoting healthy teeth and gums.

Fluoride treatments: Applying fluoride varnish to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent decay.

Education: Offering guidance on brushing techniques, flossing, and overall oral hygiene practices. Dietary advice may also be provided to help prevent tooth decay.

Specialized Services

For children requiring more specific medical attention beyond general pediatrics, Finland’s healthcare system offers a wide range of specialized services. These cater to various health needs, ensuring that children receive the appropriate care for their particular conditions.

Accessing Specialist Care

To access specialized medical services, a referral from a general practitioner (GP) or pediatrician is usually required. This process ensures that children are directed to the most appropriate specialist for their health concern. Specialists may include pediatric allergists, neurologists, orthopedists, and more, depending on the child’s specific health needs.

Common Pediatric Specialties Available

• Pediatric Allergy and Immunology: For children with allergies, asthma, and immune system disorders, providing diagnosis, treatment plans, and management strategies.
• Pediatric Neurology: Addresses neurological conditions affecting children, such as epilepsy, migraines, and developmental disorders, offering tailored treatment and support.
• Pediatric Orthopedics: Focuses on musculoskeletal issues in children, including fractures, congenital deformities, and growth-related problems, ensuring appropriate interventions and follow-up care.
• Pediatric Endocrinology: Deals with hormone-related disorders in children, such as diabetes and thyroid conditions, offering comprehensive management and education for families.
• Pediatric Psychiatry: Provides support for mental health issues, including ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, and emotional challenges, with a focus on therapy and family support.

The Referral Process

The referral process begins with a visit to the child’s GP or pediatrician, who will assess the child’s health concern and, if necessary, issue a referral to a specialist within the public or private healthcare system. This process ensures a coordinated approach to healthcare, with specialists working in tandem with the child’s primary care team to provide comprehensive care.

After the Referral

Once a referral is made, the specialist conducts a detailed assessment of the child’s condition, which may include diagnostic tests, to determine the most effective treatment plan. The specialist also provides guidance to parents and caregivers on managing the child’s condition, including medication, therapy, and lifestyle adjustments as needed.

Parents and guardians play a critical role in this process by providing detailed information about the child’s health history and current symptoms, facilitating accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Collaboration between families and healthcare providers is essential to achieving the best outcomes for children requiring specialized care.

Emergency Services

When children require immediate medical attention due to acute illnesses or injuries, Finland’s healthcare system ensures rapid and efficient access to emergency services. Understanding how to navigate these services can significantly impact the care received in urgent situations.

Accessing Emergency Care

In case of a medical emergency, the first step is to call the national emergency number, 112. This number connects callers to emergency dispatchers who can provide immediate advice and direct ambulances to the scene if necessary. For less urgent medical issues that still require prompt attention, parents can also contact local health centers or hospitals that offer emergency services.

When to Use Emergency Services

Emergency services should be used in situations where there is a risk to life, a serious injury, or an acute illness that cannot wait for a regular doctor’s appointment. This includes, but is not limited to, severe pain, breathing difficulties, significant injuries, and symptoms of serious illness. It’s crucial to assess the situation carefully and decide whether emergency care is needed or if the issue can be addressed through other healthcare services.

Visiting an Emergency Department

Upon arriving at an emergency department, the child will be assessed by a triage nurse, who determines the urgency of the situation. This process ensures that the most critical cases are treated first. While waiting times can vary depending on the department’s workload and the severity of cases, urgent situations are always prioritized.

What to Expect

Assessment and Treatment: The medical team will assess the child’s condition and provide the necessary treatment. This may include medication, wound care, or other interventions.

Observation: In some cases, children may be kept for observation to monitor their response to treatment and ensure their condition is stable before they are discharged.

Referral to Specialists: If the situation requires specialized care, the emergency department can facilitate referrals to appropriate specialists within the healthcare system.

After Emergency Care

Following emergency treatment, instructions will be given on how to care for the child at home and signs to watch for that may require further medical attention. If follow-up care is needed, arrangements will be made for the child to see their GP, pediatrician, or a specialist.

Mental Health Support

Recognizing the importance of mental well-being, Finland provides comprehensive mental health support for children, encompassing early intervention, counseling, and treatment services. These resources are designed to support children and adolescents facing emotional, behavioral, and mental health challenges.

Resources and Support Systems

A range of services is available to support children’s mental health, from counseling and therapy to psychiatric care, depending on the needs of the child. Schools, health centers, and specialized child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) are primary providers of these support systems.

Accessing Mental Health Services

To access mental health services, parents or guardians can start by discussing their concerns with a child’s general practitioner or a school nurse. These professionals can provide initial assessments and referrals to appropriate mental health services. In many cases, support can begin within the educational setting, with school psychologists or counselors offering interventions.

Importance of Early Intervention

Early intervention is key in managing mental health issues effectively. Recognizing signs of distress or behavioral changes in children and seeking timely advice can lead to better outcomes. Services aim to provide not only crisis intervention but also ongoing support to manage conditions such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, and other mental health challenges.

Treatment and Support Approaches

Mental health services for children and adolescents in Finland utilize a variety of treatment approaches, tailored to the individual’s needs. These may include:

Counseling and Psychotherapy: Offering a safe space for children to express and work through their feelings and challenges.

Family Therapy: Involving family members in therapy sessions to support the child and improve family dynamics.

Medication: Used judiciously, when necessary, and in combination with other therapies.

Educational Support: Assisting children in managing the impact of mental health issues on their schooling and social interactions.

Language Support and Resources

In a country as linguistically diverse as Finland, accessing healthcare services in a language other than Finnish or Swedish can be a concern for foreigners. Fortunately, the Finnish healthcare system offers various forms of language support and resources to ensure that children and their families receive the care and information they need in a language they understand.

Availability of Services in English and Other Languages

Many healthcare professionals in Finland speak English and can provide services and consultations in English, making it easier for non-Finnish-speaking residents to access healthcare. In areas with a high concentration of international residents, there may also be services available in other common languages.

Finding English-Speaking Healthcare Professionals

Local Health Centers and Hospitals: Many have staff who speak English and other languages. It’s advisable to inquire about language preferences when making appointments.

Kela: The Social Insurance Institution of Finland provides information on healthcare services in English and can assist in finding English-speaking healthcare providers.

Online Directories: Websites and online directories list healthcare professionals by language proficiency, helping to find doctors, dentists, and specialists who speak English or other languages.

Interpreter Services

When specific language support is needed, interpreter services can be arranged for healthcare appointments. This service ensures effective communication between healthcare providers and patients, covering a wide range of languages. It’s important to request an interpreter in advance of the appointment to ensure availability.

How to Request an Interpreter: Requests can typically be made through the healthcare provider or directly with interpreter services. Contact details and procedures can usually be found on hospital or health center websites, or by contacting Kela.

Healthcare Costs and Insurance

Understanding healthcare costs and insurance is essential for ensuring that children receive the care they need without unexpected expenses. Finland’s healthcare system is designed to be accessible and affordable, with many services provided free of charge or at a low cost to residents, including children.

Overview of Healthcare Costs for Children

Public Healthcare Services: Most healthcare services for children under the Finnish public healthcare system are provided free of charge. This includes routine check-ups, vaccinations, and hospital care.

Dental Care: Dental services are free for children and adolescents under 18 years of age.

Specialist Visits and Treatments: While visits to specialists may incur a fee, these costs are generally low and capped under the public healthcare system.

Kela Card and Its Benefits

The Kela card is a cornerstone of the Finnish social security system, acting as proof of entitlement to healthcare services at reduced rates or for free. It also covers part of the prescription medicine costs, and in some cases, can be used to obtain direct reimbursement at the point of sale for medicines.

How to Obtain a Kela Card: Upon registering with the Finnish Social Insurance Institution (Kela), residents receive a Kela card. This process is essential for accessing the full range of healthcare services and benefits.

Additional Health Insurance

While the public healthcare system covers most healthcare needs, some families opt for additional private health insurance for broader coverage or faster access to certain services.

Benefits of Private Insurance: Additional insurance can cover services not fully covered by the public system, such as certain dental treatments or private healthcare services, and can reduce waiting times for non-emergency services.

Choosing Private Insurance: When selecting private health insurance, consider what services are most important for your family’s needs, and compare different policies to find the one that offers the best coverage at a reasonable price.

Managing Healthcare Costs

• Staying Informed: Understanding the services covered by the public healthcare system and any associated costs can help manage healthcare expenses effectively.
• Preventive Care: Taking advantage of preventive care and regular check-ups can help avoid more costly treatments later on.
• Kela Reimbursements: Keep informed about the reimbursement processes for healthcare costs not covered by the public system to take full advantage of the benefits provided by Kela.

Additional Resources