Work Permit in Finland: A Detailed Guide for Foreigners

Securing a work permit in Finland is a crucial step for foreign nationals wishing to engage in employment. This document serves as a guide to understanding the prerequisites, types, and procedures associated with obtaining a Finnish work permit. We aim to equip you with the necessary information to streamline your application process.

Finland offers different types of work permits, each tailored to different employment circumstances and applicant backgrounds. Potential applicants must identify the correct permit type that aligns with their intended employment in Finland. We provide insights into the eligibility criteria, application process, and required documentation to assist you in your journey toward successful employment in Finland.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility for a work permit in Finland varies based on the applicant’s nationality, the nature of the intended work, and other individual circumstances. Below are the primary criteria that applicants must meet to be considered for a Finnish work permit.

Criteria for Non-EU/EEA Nationals

• Offer of Employment: Applicants must have a confirmed offer of employment from a Finnish employer. The job must correspond to the applicant’s qualifications, and the terms of employment must meet Finnish labor market standards.
• Qualifications: The applicant must possess the necessary qualifications, skills, or experience required for the job position. Verification of qualifications may be required through certificates or professional references.
• Salary Requirement: The salary offered must comply with Finnish collective agreements or the general salary level in the respective field.
• Occupational Safety: The working conditions must adhere to Finnish occupational health and safety standards.
• Residence in Finland: Applicants intending to work for more than 90 days must apply for a residence permit for an employed person.

Criteria for EU/EEA Nationals and Swiss Citizens

EU/EEA nationals and Swiss citizens do not require a work permit to work in Finland. However, they must meet the following conditions:

• Registration: EU/EEA nationals and Swiss citizens planning to stay in Finland for longer than three months must register their right to reside in Finland.
• Self-sufficiency: Applicants must demonstrate that they have sufficient means of support during their stay.
• Health Insurance: Applicants must have valid health insurance coverage for the duration of their stay in Finland.

Understanding and meeting these eligibility criteria is the first step in applying for a work permit in Finland. Non-EU/EEA nationals should ensure they meet all the requirements before applying, while EU/EEA nationals and Swiss citizens must comply with the registration and self-sufficiency requirements to work legally in Finland.

Related: Minimum Wage in Finland: What to Expect (2024)

Types of Work Permit in Finland

Finland provides various types of work permits to accommodate foreign workers’ diverse needs and qualifications. Selecting the appropriate permit is crucial, as it should align with the nature of the intended work and the applicant’s circumstances.

Permit Type	Description	Typical Duration
Residence Permit (TTOL)	For non-EU/EEA nationals with a job offer	1 year, renewable
Specialist Residence Permit	For highly qualified professionals	1-4 years, renewable
Residence Permit for an Entrepreneur	For starting business/self-employment	1-4 years, renewable
Seasonal Work Permit	For seasonal jobs in agriculture or tourism	Up to 9 months
Blue Card for Highly Skilled Workers	For non-EU/EEA nationals in high-skilled jobs	1-4 years, renewable

Residence Permit for an Employed Person (TTOL)

This permit is intended for non-EU/EEA nationals who have received a job offer in Finland. The job must be such that local labor cannot fulfill the demand. The TTOL is specific to the job and employer detailed in the application and is typically issued for one year but can be extended. It is the most common type of work permit for those intending to stay and work in Finland for more than 90 days.

Specialist Residence Permit

Designed for highly qualified professionals, this permit caters to individuals with specialized expertise, typically in fields that demand advanced education and experience. Applicants must demonstrate a high salary level and significant expertise in their field. This permit is also more streamlined in its application process and usually granted for a longer period compared to the standard TTOL.

Residence Permit for an Entrepreneur

Foreign nationals intending to start a business or work as a self-employed individual in Finland may apply for this permit. Applicants must prove that their business is viable and that they have sufficient funds to support themselves and their business operations in Finland.

Seasonal Work Permit

This permit is for individuals planning to work in Finland on a seasonal basis, typically in agriculture or tourism. The duration of this permit can vary from a few weeks to several months, up to a maximum of nine months within a 12-month period.

Blue Card for Highly Skilled Workers

The EU Blue Card is for highly skilled non-EU/EEA nationals seeking to work in Finland. Applicants must have a higher education degree and a job offer with a salary that meets the set threshold. The Blue Card offers several benefits, including easier family reunification and mobility within the EU after 18 months of residence in Finland.

Selecting the correct type of work permit is a critical step in the application process. Applicants should thoroughly evaluate their situation, job offer, and long-term career goals to determine which permit best suits their needs.

Application Process

The process for applying for a work permit in Finland is structured and requires attention to detail. Follow these steps to ensure your application is complete and submitted correctly.

Preparing Necessary Documents

Before initiating the application, gather all required documents.

These typically include:

• A valid passport
• The official job offer from your Finnish employer
• Educational and professional qualifications
• Proof of sufficient funds and accommodation

Ensure all documents are translated into Finnish, Swedish, or English by an authorized translator if they are in another language.

Applying Online vs. Paper Application

Online Application: The Finnish Immigration Service (Migri) recommends applying online as it is faster and more convenient. Create an account on the Enter Finland website, fill in the application form, and attach digital copies of all required documents.

Paper Application: If you cannot apply online, you can submit a paper application. Paper applications are available on the Migri website. Complete the form and compile it with your supporting documents. You must then submit the application in person at a Finnish embassy or consulate, or if you are already in Finland, at a Migri service point.

Role of the Employer in the Application Process

Your employer plays a significant role, particularly for the TTOL and Specialist Residence Permits. They must provide a detailed job description, employment contract, and information about the salary and working conditions. In some cases, the employer initiates the application process by completing their portion of the application before the employee applies.

Payment of the Processing Fee

Application fees vary depending on the permit type and whether the application is submitted online or on paper. Check the latest fee structure on the Migri website and ensure payment is made according to the specified method. Note that the application process will not commence until the fee is paid in full.

Required Documents

A successful application for a Finnish work permit hinges on providing a complete and accurate set of documents. The required documents vary based on the type of work permit you are applying for, but there are commonalities across all applications. Ensure that you collect, prepare, and submit all of the following as applicable to your situation:

• Valid Passport: Provide a copy of your valid passport, ensuring that it remains valid for the duration of your intended stay, plus an additional three months.
• Job Offer and Employment Contract: Submit the official job offer and employment contract from your Finnish employer. These should detail the job description, salary, working hours, and other employment conditions.
• Educational and Professional Qualifications: Include certificates, diplomas, or other proof of your qualifications. This may also encompass certificates of professional experience relevant to your job position in Finland.
• Proof of Sufficient Funds: Demonstrate that you have enough money to support yourself during your stay. This requirement varies depending on the length and type of your stay.
• Health Insurance: Provide evidence of comprehensive health insurance coverage for the duration of your stay in Finland.
• Accommodation Details: Show proof of your living arrangements in Finland, such as a rental agreement or a letter from your host.
• Photographs: Attach passport-sized photographs that meet Finnish requirements.
• Criminal Record Check: Applicants from certain countries may need to provide a certificate indicating a clean criminal record.
• Medical Certificate: Some permits require a medical certificate to prove that you do not have any diseases that pose a public health threat.

Additional Documents Specific to the Type of Work Permit

• Specialist Residence Permit: Evidence of professional status and high income, such as a letter from the employer detailing the expertise required for the job and the salary offered.
• Residence Permit for an Entrepreneur: Proof of business activities in Finland, including a detailed business plan and evidence of necessary funding or income.
• Seasonal Work Permit: Documents related to the specific nature of the seasonal work and the employer’s details.
• Blue Card for Highly Skilled Workers: Proof of higher education qualifications and a contract for highly qualified employment.

Before submitting your application, ensure each document is in Finnish, Swedish, or English, or translated into one of these languages by an authorized translator. Check each document for accuracy and completeness to avoid delays or rejections. By preparing your documents thoroughly, you increase the likelihood of a smooth application process and a favorable outcome.

Processing Time and Fees

Understanding the processing times and associated fees is crucial for applicants seeking a work permit in Finland. This section provides a breakdown of the expected timeframes and costs involved in the application process.

Processing Time

The processing time for a Finnish work permit varies depending on the type of permit, the completeness of the application, and the workload of the Finnish Immigration Service (Migri). Below are the general timeframes:

Residence Permit for an Employed Person (TTOL): Typically processed within 1 to 4 months from the date the complete application is submitted.

Specialist Residence Permit: Usually processed more quickly, within 2 weeks to 1 month, due to the streamlined procedure for highly skilled professionals.

Residence Permit for an Entrepreneur: Can take from 2 to 4 months, as it requires a detailed review of the business plan and finances.

Seasonal Work Permit: Generally processed within 2 weeks to 1 month, but it is advisable to apply well in advance of the intended employment start date.

Blue Card for Highly Skilled Workers: Processing time is typically around 1 to 3 months.

Applicants should note that these are approximate timeframes and can vary. Applying online can reduce processing times. It is recommended to check the current processing times on the Migri website and to apply as early as possible within the permitted time frame.

Fees

The application fees for Finnish work permits also vary depending on the type of application and whether it is submitted online or on paper:

• Residence Permit for an Employed Person (TTOL): Fees range from approximately €400 for online applications to €600 for paper applications.
• Specialist Residence Permit: The fee is around €400 for online applications and €600 for paper applications, reflecting the expedited processing.
• Residence Permit for an Entrepreneur: Similar to the TTOL, with fees around €400 for online submissions and €600 for paper forms.
• Seasonal Work Permit: Fees are lower, typically around €100 for online applications and €150 for paper applications.
• Blue Card for Highly Skilled Workers: The fee is approximately €400 for online applications and €600 for paper applications.

It is essential to check the latest fee structure directly on the Migri website, as fees are subject to change. Applicants should be aware that fees are non-refundable, even if the application is rejected. Payment of the fee is part of the submission process, and applications will not be processed until the fee is paid in full.

Renewal and Extension

Holding a Finnish work permit does not guarantee indefinite right to work in Finland. It is vital for foreign workers to understand the conditions and timelines for renewing or extending their work permits to ensure continuous legal employment status within the country.

Conditions for Renewing or Extending a Work Permit

Continued Employment: For most work permits, you must have ongoing employment in Finland. The job should be similar to the one for which your original permit was granted. You may need to provide a new employment contract or a letter from your employer confirming continued employment.

Sufficient Income: You must demonstrate that your employment provides enough income to support yourself in Finland. The income threshold may vary based on your specific circumstances, such as family size.

Valid Passport: Ensure your passport remains valid for the duration of the extended permit. Renew your passport in advance if necessary.

Clean Record: Your conduct in Finland, including adherence to laws and regulations, can affect your renewal application. A clean criminal record is generally required.

Integration into Finnish Society: For certain permits, authorities may consider your efforts to integrate into Finnish society, such as learning the Finnish or Swedish language.

Timeframe and Process for Submitting a Renewal Application

Application Timeline: You should apply for renewal before your current permit expires, ideally three months prior. Late applications may result in a gap in your legal residency status, affecting your right to work and stay in Finland.

Online Application: Renewal applications can usually be completed online through the Enter Finland portal. Applying online is faster and often cheaper than paper applications.

Required Documents: Submit updated documents, including proof of employment, income, and a valid passport. The specific documents required may vary based on your work permit type.

Fees: Renewal fees are generally lower than the initial application fees but verify the current rates on the Migri website. Payment is required as part of the renewal process.

Processing Time: While renewal applications may be processed more quickly than initial applications, allow sufficient time for processing. Continue to monitor the status of your application through the Enter Finland portal.

Appealing a Decision

If your application for a Finnish work permit is denied, it is crucial to understand the process for appealing the decision. A well-prepared appeal can sometimes overturn an unfavorable decision, providing another opportunity to secure your work permit.

Steps to Take if Your Application is Denied

Review the Decision: Carefully read the decision letter to understand the reasons for the denial. This will inform your grounds for appeal and help in preparing a compelling case.

Deadline for Appeal: Note the deadline for submitting an appeal, which is usually 30 days from the date you received the decision. Appeals submitted after this deadline are typically not considered.

Prepare Your Appeal: Your appeal should address the specific reasons given for the denial. Include any additional information or documents that support your case. It may be beneficial to seek legal advice or assistance from an immigration lawyer to strengthen your appeal.

Submit the Appeal: Send your appeal to the Administrative Court as instructed in the decision letter. Ensure that your appeal includes your name, contact information, and the original decision details, along with your arguments and any supporting evidence.

Legal Avenues and Timeframe for Filing an Appeal

Administrative Court: The first level of appeal is to the Administrative Court. The court will review the decision made by the Finnish Immigration Service (Migri) based on the submitted documents and your appeal.

Supreme Administrative Court: If the Administrative Court upholds the original decision, you may have the option to appeal to the Supreme Administrative Court. However, this is typically only possible if your case involves significant legal principles or precedent.

Timeframe: The processing times for appeals can vary significantly, often taking several months. During this time, you may not have the right to work in Finland unless your current permit remains valid.

Rights and Responsibilities

Upon obtaining a Finnish work permit, foreign workers are granted specific rights within Finland. However, these rights come with corresponding responsibilities that must be adhered to ensure compliance with Finnish laws and regulations.

Rights Granted Under Each Type of Work Permit

Employment: Permit holders are entitled to work in Finland according to the terms specified in their permit. This includes salary, working hours, and conditions consistent with Finnish labor laws and collective agreements.

Social Services: Depending on the permit type and length of stay, you may be entitled to access Finnish social services, including healthcare, education, and social security benefits.

Family Reunification: Certain work permit holders may have the right to bring family members to Finland, subject to specific eligibility criteria and application processes.

Freedom of Movement: Within the Schengen Area, work permit holders can travel freely for short periods. However, the duration and conditions depend on the type of permit.

Renewal and Permanent Residence: After a certain period, you may be eligible to renew your work permit or apply for permanent residency, subject to fulfilling the necessary conditions.

Obligations of Foreign Workers in Finland

Compliance with Terms: Abide by the terms of your employment and work permit, including working hours, salary, and job duties.

Legal Compliance: Follow Finnish laws and regulations. This includes paying taxes and adhering to local customs and laws.

Residence Reporting: Notify the local register office of your place of residence and any changes to your personal information or status.

Health Insurance: Maintain valid health insurance coverage for the duration of your stay in Finland.

Integration Efforts: Engage in efforts to integrate into Finnish society, such as learning the Finnish or Swedish language and understanding Finnish customs and culture.

Renewal Applications: If you intend to stay beyond your current permit’s validity, apply for a renewal before your current permit expires.

Additional Resources